Program Description

• How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note Mean
• How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note 2
• How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Notes
• How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note 1
• How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note Mean

Your pitch—that's the red line—wavers back and forth around the right note. Auto-tune can tell which parts of the sound are higher or lower than they should be, and it's able to nudge them. Feb 27, 2013  You can use Auto-Tune not only to pitch correct vocals, but other instruments too, and light users will tweak a note here and there if a guitar is, say, rubbing up against a vocal in a weird way.

(Program not available for streaming.) NOVA scienceNOW talks to the engineers behind Auto-Tune, the pitch-correction software that turns sour notes into sweet ones. Professional musicians from Madonna to Snoop Dogg use Auto-Tune, but can the software turn host Neil deGrasse Tyson into a singing star?

Definition of auto-tune in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of auto-tune. What does auto-tune mean? Information and translations of auto-tune in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Jan 04, 2018  There are two “sides” to the software that most people don’t know about, there is an “Automatic side” (hence the Auto-Tune) and a “Manual side”. The Automatic side is simple, you select the key, speed and sensitivity and the program guesses which.

Transcript

Auto-Tune

PBS Airdate: June 30, 2009

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: 'Ourlove was like a supernova,'

Yeah,I sing.

'In the nebula of my soul.'

Okay,I'm not great.

'But now I find her heart is like a bigblack hole.'

Allright, I'm terrible. But here's what I'm wondering: if, digitally, you canremove red-eye, smooth over wrinkles, make people look thinner, then why don'twe have the technology to make me sing better?

ANDYHILDEBRAND (Antares Audio Technologies): We can fix Neil.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: This guy invented away to do it.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: We can fix Neil's pitch. He'sstill going to sound like Neil, though.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Electrical engineerand inventor Andy Hildebrand designs pitch-correction software. He calls itAuto-Tune.

'Pitchcorrection?' Is that a euphemism for 'fixing bad singers?'

ANDYHILDEBRAND: Yes, we fix bad singers.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: I visited Andy atAntares Audio Technologies in Scotts Valley California, where he and engineerJustin Malo..

JUSTINMALO: Hey,Neil.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: ..showed me how itworks.

Hummmmmmmmmm.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: Great. There you go. You didthat.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: That wavy line representsthe exact frequency of my voice. This line shows where a perfect A should be,so, not too bad.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: He's right dead nuts on in tune.Look at that.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: So how does acomputer know that?

ANDYHILDEBRAND: When you hear A, you'rehearing 440 vibrations per second.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: So somebody at thebeginning of time said 440 vibrations per second is an A?

ANDYHILDEBRAND: A.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: So, if you sing orplay a pitch at 440 cycles per second, the computer calls it an A and it restson this line. B-flat would go on the line above it, G-sharp below, and so on.

'Butnow I find her heart..'

Whenyou're out of tune, the notes don't fall so neatly onto the lines of the grid.

'..big..'

That'sawful.

'..blackhole.'

ANDYHILDEBRAND: Well, it's creative, it'screative. Okay.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: '..supernova..'

Thoselines are me singing the word 'super.'

'supernova..'

Mypitch is all over the place. If anything, it's closest to this note, here.

JUSTINMALO: Neil,you sang an F, which normally is okay, if you're in the key of F. And we're not,so we moved your F to an E.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: 'Supernova..'

SoJustin gently nudges it down to where an E would be.

'Supernova..'

You'rechanging the frequency of the sound that came out of my vocal cords.

JUSTINMALO: Actually,yes.

ALVINAND THE CHIPMUNKS (Audio recording):'Christmas, Christmas..'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON:Changingpitch isn't new. You can change someone's voice by fast forwarding on a taperecorder, but you'd sound like..

ALVINAND THE CHIPMUNKS (Audio recording):'Christmas, Christmas time ishere.'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: ..well, achipmunk.

Pitchcorrection software lets you change the pitch..

'Supernova..'

..whilekeeping the essential tone of a voice the same.

Andso, although few engineers are willing to admit it, pitch correction software,like Auto-Tune, has become an indispensable tool in most recording studios.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: It's been used by a lot ofpeople: Madonna..

MADONNA (Film clip): 'Music makes the bourgeoisie..'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: ..Celine Dion..

CELINEDION (Film clip): 'You got one heart you are following..'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Reba McEntire usesit live?

REBAMcENTIRE (Film clip): 'Starting over again..'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: You're telling me asinger can sing into a microphone a bad note, and out the speakers comes a goodnote?

ANDYHILDEBRAND: Yes.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Now, that's evil.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: To modify something isn'tnecessarily evil. My wife wears makeup. Is that evil?

Isthat okay, honey?

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Evil or not, therecording industry kept Auto-Tune on the down-low.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: The secret popped out of thebag when Cher did 'Believe.'

CHER(Film clip): 'Do you believe in lifeafter love?'

ANDYHILDEBRAND: I couldn't believe it.

CHER(Film clip): '..aside and I can't breakthrough..'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Rather thangradually and naturally reaching up to each note..

CHER(Film clip): 'I can feel somethinginside me say..'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: ..like this,Cher's producer forced Auto-Tune to jump suddenly from one pitch to the next.

CHER(Film clip): 'I feel something inside mesay..'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Is this some knobthat you turn?

ANDYHILDEBRAND: Yes.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: All right.

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ANDYHILDEBRAND: And we can turn this knob tozero, which means 'move instantaneously to the new pitch.' And so, if we dothat, your voice would sound like this.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: 'But nowI find her heart..'

Didyou plan for people to use it that way?

ANDYHILDEBRAND: No. I didn't think anybody intheir right mind would ever use it that way.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Well a lot ofartists do.

T-PAIN(Film clip): 'She got me doing the dishes

Anything she want for some kisses'

OJO(Film clip): 'I wasyoung and in love..'

SNOOPDOG (Film clip): 'She might be with him but she's thinkin' boutme, me, me.'

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: But it's mostlyused to tweak out-of-tune performances—a kind of cosmetic surgery.

How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note Mean

'..bigblack hole.'

Inmy case though, more like triple-bypass.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: Try to change this to the keyof C.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: Moving the tracesof my voice up in pitch or down..

'..supernova..'

..Justincoaxes me into tune.

'Supernova

ofmy soul..'

Ittook several hours.

'..ofmy soul..'

Howwell did it work? You be the judge.

'Ourlove was like a supernova

Inthe nebula of my soul, but now I find

herheart is like a big black hole..'

JUSTINMALO: It'sa lot more pleasing.

NEILDeGRASSE TYSON: I thought the firstone sounded pretty good myself, I don't know.

Kiddingaside, there's no substitute for training or talent.

ANDYHILDEBRAND: If the singer doesn't have agood tonality to their voice, we're not going to make that better.

Dous a favor. Don't go on American Idol.

Broadcast Credits

Auto-Tune

Produced and Edited by

Vincent Liota

NOVA scienceNOW

Executive Producer

Samuel Fine

Executive Editor

Neil deGrasse Tyson

Senior Series Producer

Vincent Liota

Senior Producer

Julia Cort

Supervising Producers

Stephen Sweigart
Joey David Jovanovich

Senior Editor and Colorist

David Chmura

Senior Researcher

Sharon Kay

Associate Producer

Fran Laks

Assistant Editor

Tung-Jen (Sunny) Chiang

Graphic Design

Brian Edgerton

Compositor & Animator

Yunsik Noh

Music

Rob Morsberger

Sound Mix

Bill Cavanaugh, RazorMix, Inc.

Assistant to Neil deGrasse Tyson

Elizabeth Stachow

NOVA scienceNOW Series Animation

Edgeworx

Associate Producers

Julie Crawford
Jonathan Loewald
Richard Marnell
Laura Willcox

Camera

Austin de Besche
Brian Dowley
Robin Hirsh
Stephen Kazmierski
Rob Lyall

Sound Recordists

John Cameron
James Lindsey
Len Schmitz
Chris Strollo

Animation and Graphics

Anthony Kraus
Sputnik Animation
James LaPlante
Dan Nutu

Researchers

Ethan Herberman
Eric Olson

ArchivalMaterial

AP Worldwide Photos
BBC Motion Gallery
CNN Image Source
Corbis
The Frederick News-Post and Randall Family, LLC
Getty Images
Josh Landis
National Science Foundation
NASA
Prelinger Internet Archives
The San Diego Union-Tribune
Schenectady Museum & Suits-Bueche Planetarium
Steven Snyder
WTC: The First 24 Hours, Producers; Etienne Sauret & David Carrara

Special Thanks

Jason Bannan, FBI microbiologist
Carnegie Mellon University
Dave and Busters
Gemological Institute of America
Justin Goger Malo
George Gray, Gray Jewelers
Susan Hrishenko
Northern Arizona University
David Rasko
Sandia National Laboratories
University of Maryland School of Medicine

Neil deGrasse Tyson

is director of the Hayden Planetarium in theRose Center for Earth and Space at the American Museum of Natural History.

NOVA Series Graphics

yU + co.

NOVA Theme Music

Walter Werzowa
John Luker
Musikvergnuegen,Inc.

Additional NOVA Theme Music

Ray Loring
Rob Morsberger

Post Production Online Editor

Spencer Gentry

Closed Captioning

The Caption Center

NOVA Administrator

Mykim Dang

Publicity

Carole McFall
Eileen Campion
Victoria Louie
Karinna Sjo-Gaber
Karen Laverty

Marketing

Steve Sears

Researcher

Kate Becker

Senior Researcher

Gaia Remerowski

Production Coordinator

Linda Callahan

Paralegal

Sarah Erlandson

Talent Relations

Scott Kardel, Esq.
Janice Flood

Legal Counsel

Susan Rosen

Production Assistant

Ryan Murdock

Post Production Assistant

Darcy Forlenza

AssociateProducer, Post Production

Patrick Carey

Post Production Supervisor

Regina O'Toole

Post Production Editors

Rebecca Nieto
Jason York

Post Production Manager

Nathan Gunner

Compliance Manager

Linzy Emery

Development Producer

Pamela Rosenstein

Business Manager

Joseph P. Tracy

Senior Producer and Project Director

Lisa Mirowitz

Coordinating Producer

Laurie Cahalane

Senior Science Editor

Evan Hadingham

Senior Series Producer

Melanie Wallace

Managing Director

Alan Ritsko

Senior Executive Producer

Paula S. Apsell

This material is based upon worksupported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0638931. Anyopinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe National Science Foundation.

NOVA scienceNOW is a trademark of the WGBH Educational Foundation

NOVA scienceNOW is produced for WGBH/Boston by NOVA

How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note 2

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How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Notes

(Neil deGrasse Tyson singing) Courtesy T. Robin Hirsh

How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note 1

Participants

How Does Auto Tune Know What The Right Note Mean